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Conservative Judaism is a modern stream of Judaism, which views Religious Law (''Halakha'') as binding, yet also regards it as subject to historical development. The movement regards its approach to Jewish Law as the authentic and traditional one, disavowing both what it considers the excesses of Reform Judaism and the stringency of Orthodoxy. Reconstructionist Judaism is an offshoot of Conservative Judaism. Conservative Judaism views itself as a continuation of the Positive-Historical School led by Rabbi Zacharias Frankel in mid-19th Century Germany. While at first close to the pioneers of Reform Judaism, he broke with the movement which he perceived as too radical.〔Ismar Schorsch, ''Zacharias Frankel and the European Origins of Conservative Judaism'', Judaism 30 (1981): 344—54.〕 In America, the term 'Conservative' came to denote the group centered around the JTS, which coalesced in opposition to the publication of the 1885 Pittsburgh Platform. While a common label from then onward, symbolizing relative traditionalism, JTS-affiliated communities and rabbinic organizations became a wholly independent denomination only in the postwar years, after a long process of separation from the moderate, Americanized wing of Orthodox Judaism.〔For example: Michael R. Cohen, ''The Birth of Conservative Judaism: Solomon Schechter's Disciples and the Creation of an American Religious Movement'', Columbia University Press, 2012. pp. 138-140 etc.; Yosef Salmon, Aviezer Ravitzky, Adam Ferziger (editors), ''Orthodox Judaism: New Perspectives'', The Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2006. p. 539-550. See also: Jonathan Sarna, ''(The Break Between Conservative and Orthodox )''.〕 In many countries outside the United States and Canada, including Israel,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Masorti Foundation for Conservative Judaism in Israel – Growing Religious Pluralism in Israel )〕 Germany and the UK,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Home )〕 it is today known as ''Masorti Movement'' (Hebrew for "Traditional").〔Representing about 6% of the Jewish population in Israel, it should not be confused with the large part of Israeli Jews (25% to 50% depending on definitions) who define themselves as "masorati" (or Shomer Masoret)—meaning religiously "traditional"—and support Orthodoxy as the mainstream Judaism, which occasionally is known as ''Masorti'' Judaism, also.〕 In the United States and Canada, the term ''Conservative'', as applied, does not always indicate that a congregation is affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, the movement's central institution and the one to which the term, without qualifier, usually refers. Rather, it is sometimes employed by unaffiliated Ashkenazi groups to indicate a range of beliefs and practices more liberal than is affirmed by the Orthodox or Modern Orthodox, and more traditional than the more liberal Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism. In Canada, several congregations belong to the Canadian Council of Conservative Synagogues instead of the United Synagogue. The moniker Conservadox is sometimes employed to refer to the right wing of the Conservative spectrum, although "Traditional" is used as well (as in the Union for Traditional Judaism). Both Conservative/Masorti and Reform/Liberal rabbinical assemblies are installing women in highest leadership assignments and ordain female, as well as male, rabbis. ==Organizational structure== The Conservative-Masorti movement is unified on a global level by Masorti Olami, representing affiliated congregations in the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia (Kehilat Nitzan). Masorti Olami unites a number of smaller national and regional organizations, including: *The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ) in the United States and Canada, *The Assembly of Masorti Synagogues in the United Kingdom, *Masorti Europe in Europe, *Masorti AmLat in Latin America, The international association of Conservative/Masorti Rabbis is known as the Rabbinical Assembly; the Cantors Assembly is the organization of chazanim. The global youth movement is known as NOAM (an acronym for No'ar Masorti); its North American chapter is called the United Synagogue Youth. The movement maintains numerous Rabbinical seminaries and other educational institutions. In addition, while Hungarian Neolog Judaism is not officially affiliated with Masorti, Conservative Judaism regards it as a fraternal, "non-Orthodox but halakhic" movement.〔Daniel J. Elazar, Rela Mintz Geffen. The Conservative Movement in Judaism: Dilemmas and Opportunities. SUNY Press, 2012. ISBN 9780791492024. pp. 133, 174.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conservative Judaism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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